nikthebad wrote:This should be a bit trickier for you richard..
Consider this...
You are one of 20 prisoners on death row with the execution date set for tomorrow. Your king is a ruthless man who likes to toy with his people's miseries. He comes to your cell today and tells you:
“I’m gonna give you prisoners a chance to go free tomorrow. You will all stand in a row (queue) before the executioner and we will put a hat on your head, either a red or a black one. Of course you will not be able to see the color of your own hat; you will only be able to see the prisoners in front of you with their hats on; you will not be allowed to look back or communicate together in any way (talking, touching.....).
The prisoner in the back will be able to see the 19 prisoners in front of him. The one in front of him will be able to see 18…
Starting with the last person in the row, the one who can see everybody in front of him, he will be asked a simple question: WHAT IS THE COLOR OF YOUR HAT?
He will be only allowed to answer “BLACK” or “RED”. If he says anything else you will ALL be executed immediately.
If he guesses the right color of the hat on his head he is set free, otherwise he is put to death. And we move on to the one in front of him and ask him the same question and so on…
Now since you all can communicate freely during the night, can you find a way to guarantee the freedom of some (or all!) prisoners tomorrow?
Well....an idea springs to mind...
Is the queue random? If so, all the prisoners can agree to a simple plan, that means they all definitely go free, except for the person at the back of the queue who gets asked first, who has a 5050 ish shot.
The person at the back who can see everyones hat just says the colour of the bloke in front of him. If he's lucky his is the same, if not he's gone.
The next bloke now knows his hat colour obviously. Now when asked, he either answers immediately, or pretends to think for 5 seconds, but either way he says whatever the bloke behind him said, and assuming the prisoners all agree to tell the truth, he's free.
He either answers immediately or pauses based on the next guys hat colour. If it is the same as his, he answers immediately, if it is the other colour he pauses for 5 seconds.
The next bloke along now knows whether to answer the same, or change colour, and answers in the same way himself according to the next blokes hat, and so on until we run out of prisoners
This only works if all the prisoners tell the truth obviously, and one ul person is 50/50.
If the queue isnt random, and they know their positions already, then the prisoner at the back might not like the plan very much lol.
Off out for lunch, but I'll try and work out how to get 100% for all whilst im gone
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